Abstract: This study explores the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting System Model (WRF v.4.0) for a winter case under stable meteorological conditions in the Mexico Basin. To evaluate the sensitivity to spatial resolution and parametrization configurations, a suite of different numerical experiments is designed to test five Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) schemes coupled to a Surface Layer parametrization (SL) and a cloud microphysics (MP) parametrization to find an optimal configuration in terms of closeness to physical reality and computational efficiency. The WRF atmospheric dynamics core and its ancillary physics routines constitute a massively parallel FORTRAN code that runs on the Tlaloc cluster at the ICAyCC-UNAM with optimized MPICH software. Two model performance metrics are used: 1) Taylor statistics to measure the distance between simulations and observed meteorological fields (near-surface and upper-level temperature and winds), and 2) CPU execution time. Results show that the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (M) scheme performs best near the surface at 2.0 km horizontal resolution. However, the Yonsei University (Y) PBL scheme outperforms the M scheme when looking at temperature vertical profiles at the exact horizontal resolution. Both PBL schemes show negligible CPU execution time differences.

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with chronic kidney disease vulnerable to suffering more severe COVID-19 disease and worse outcomes have been identified Objectives: Our study's aim was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of hemodialysis (HD) units in Mexico and to describe the availability of confirmatory testing Methods: This study was multicentric study of 19 HD units, conducted between March 2020 and March 2021 Results: From a total of 5779 patients, 955 (16.5%) cases of suspicious COVID-19 were detected; a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test was done in only 50.6% of patients. Forty-five percentages were hospitalized and 6% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There was no significant difference in mortality between confirmed (131/483) and suspicious (124/472) cases (p = 0.74). The percentage of patients in need of hospitalization, IMV, and deceased was greater than in the rest of the study population Conclusions: The study revealed that 49.4% of the cases were not confirmed, a worrisome observation given that this is a highly vulnerable population (higher probability of contagion and worse outcomes), in which 100% of patients should have a confirmatory test

Resumen Objetivo: Demostrar la experiencia adquirida desde la implementación del programa de donación renal pareada, el cual aumenta un 25-30% la tasa de donación en los centros hospitalarios sin inferioridad en la sobrevida del injerto comparado con el trasplante renal de donante vivo dirigido. Método: Estudio observacional, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo de diciembre de 2018 a julio de 2021. Se incluyeron todos los enfermos renales crónicos G5 KDIGO que en el protocolo pretrasplante resultaron HLA o ABO incompatibles con sus donantes originales y que fueron trasplantados bajo el programa de donación renal pareada. Resultados: Se realizaron 22 trasplantes renales bajo este programa. La sobrevida del injerto y del paciente a 1 año postrasplante fue del 100%. La tasa de filtración glomerular postrasplante fue de 72.5 ± 17 ml/min/1.73 m2 de superficie corporal. Fueron trasplantados exitosamente el 36.3% de pacientes hipersensibilizados. La tasa de donación intrahospitalaria aumentó un 33.33%. Conclusiones: El trasplante bajo programa de donación renal pareada constituye una modalidad real de trasplante exitoso cuando existe incompatibilidad con el donante original. La mayor utilización y la socialización de este programa pueden aumentar la tasa de trasplante renal nacional, disminuyendo la lista de espera. Nuestro hospital representa la mayor experiencia publicada en México con este programa de trasplante.

Abstract Objective: To demonstrate the experience since the transplant program under paired kidney donation implementation; program that increases the donation rate by 25-30% in hospitals with no inferior graft survival compared to directed living donor kidney transplantation. Method: Observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study from December 2018 to July 2021. All G5 KDIGO chronic kidney patients who were HLA or ABO incompatible with their original donors in the pretransplant protocol and who were transplanted under the paired kidney donation program, were included. Results: 22 kidney transplants were performed under this program. Survival of the graft and the patient 1 year after transplantation was 100%. The post-transplant glomerular filtration rate was 72.5 ± 17 ml/min/1.73 m2 body surface. 36.3% of hypersensitized patients were successfully transplanted. The in-hospital donation rate increased by 33.33%. Conclusions: Transplantation under the kidney paired donation program constitutes a real modality of successful transplantation when there is incompatibility with the original donor. The greater use and socialization of this program can increase the country kidney transplantation rate, reducing the waiting list. Our hospital represents the largest experience published in Mexico with this transplant program.

Abstract: In this work, the results of carbon footprint evaluation of both an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV), considering the Ecuador energy scene, is presented. For this purpose, Well-to-Wheel analysis was used, firstly determining the electric energy generation matrix of the country. First, the KIA Soul vehicle and KIA Soul EV (electric version) were considered study cases. Then, manufacturers' technical characteristics were used to determine each vehicular technology's carbon footprint and considerations such as util life-route driving, fuel path, util life-time and replacement of batteries, and emissions due to chassis and body vehicle. Obtained results allowed for determining that greenhouse gas emissions in Ecuador due to the ICEV is 236.16 gCO2/km. On the other hand, the BEV emitted 63.14 gCO2/km, significantly barely 27% of emissions. These results represent a positive impact on reducing ambient contamination indices and reinforce the necessity for accelerating the change in the country's energy matrix toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy generation.

Resumen:En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la evaluación de la huella de carbono entre un vehículo con motor de combustión interna (VMCI) y uno con motor eléctrico a baterías (VEB), considerando el panorama energético de Ecuador. Para esto, se utilizó el análisis del Pozo-a-la-Rueda, determinando primeramente la matriz de generación de energía eléctrica en el país. Como caso de estudio se consideró un vehículo KIA Soul y KIA Soul EV (versión eléctrica). De esta manera, se usaron las características técnicas de ambos vehículos provistas por el fabricante, y consideraciones sobre la distancia de conducción, ruta del combustible, vida útil y reemplazo de baterías, así como emisiones debidas al chasis y la carrocería de los vehículos. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de un VMCI en Ecuador es 236.16 gCO 2 /km, mientras que el VEB emite 63.14 gCO 2 /km, lo que significa apenas un 27% de las emisiones producidas por el VMCI. Estos resultados representan un impacto positivo para reducir los índices de contaminación ambiental, indicando además la necesidad de sostener y acelerar el cambio de la matriz energética del país hacia una generación de energía limpia y sostenible.

Abstract: Tropical cyclone (TC) Bud occurred over the Eastern Pacific Ocean from 9 June to 16 June 2018 reaching, a category-4 hurricane status (H4) due to its strong sustained winds and gusts. In this study, we simulate this TC to reproduce its track path, direction, and strength to determine the best model physics configurations that weather agencies could use to forecast TC tracks over the Eastern Pacific Ocean, adjacent to the Mexican coastline. To achieve this goal, the sensitivity for the impact of different microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes is carried out through high-performance computer simulations, with the WRF model using the cluster CÓDICE B2 at Centro de Investigación en Computación (CIC) of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). The realism of the TC for the different schemes is assessed by comparing the simulations and the best track data taken from the National Hurricane Center (NHC-NOAA). The NCEP-GFS forecast data is used as initial and boundary conditions. The evolution of wind and minimum pressure at sea level for the different physics combination runs are also compared with the best track data. We found that the track paths and intensities improve when Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is allowed to evolve with the modeled atmosphere via computer simulations.

Abstract: Hyperdimensional computing is a model of computation based on the properties of high-dimensional vectors. It combines characteristics from artificial neural networks and symbolic computing. The area where hyperdimensional computing can be applied is natural language processing, where vector representations are already present in the form of word embedding models. However, hyperdimensional computing encodes information differently, its representations can include the distributional information of a word in a given context and it can also account for its semantic features. In this work, we investigate the storing capacity of hyperdimensional binary vectors. We present two different configurations in which semantic features can be encoded and measure how many can be stored, and later retrieved, within a single vector. The results presented in this work lay the foundation to develop a concept representation model with hyperdimensional computation.

Abstract A 56-year-old male, HIV-positive, presented with a 3-day history of multiple indurated erythematous nodules with superficial and well-defined erosions on his right gluteus. Skin biopsy showed ballooning-necrotic keratinocytes and cultures were positive for herpes simplex 2. Genital herpes simplex infection recurrences may not be restricted to the anterior part of the genitalia and clinical presentation in the lumbar area or gluteus must be differentiated from varicella-zoster virus infection. Tumor-like presentation is a very rare manifestation of HSV cutaneous infection. It is important to take this morphological variant into consideration not to delay the diagnosis of a viral infection, especially in an immunosuppressed patient.

ABSTRACT We deal with the transformation of the social group of Sucsu Auccaille, from having a type of socio-economic and political organization under the Inca State, to passing under Spanish rule and using written documentation and Spanish legislation to defend its possession over the land and maintain its unity as a social group. Within it, we are also interested in the role played by the descendants of the Incas who were rulers. It is a story of their land ownership, their struggles, and their continuity. We rely on ten colonial documents, referring to lands of the current peasant community of Sucsu Auccaille, and on interviews with community members, directors, and former directors of Sucsu Auccaille, in San Jerónimo. The Inca ethnic group was composed of several ayllus or lineages, two of them were Sucsu and Auccaille. At the beginning of the colonial era, these two were reduced in San Jerónimo: Sucsu, the panaca or lineage of the Inca Huiracocha, and Auccaille, the panaca or lineage of the Inca Yahuar Huaccac. Within its territory are the sacred places Tuynu, Osccollo, Andamachay, Aqhamana, the lands of the sun and the Huanacauriue stream; they are still cared for, with stealth and veneration (to mother earth and father mountain Huanacauri)

RESUMEN Tratamos acerca de la transformación del grupo social de Sucsu Auccaille de tener un tipo de organización socioeconómica y política bajo el Estado inca, a pasar bajo el dominio español y usar documentación escrita y legislación española para defender su posesión sobre la tierra y mantener su unidad como grupo social, dentro de ello el papel que juegan los descendientes de incas que fueron gobernantes. Es una historia de su propiedad de tierras, sus luchas y su continuidad. Nos basamos en diez documentos coloniales, referidos a terrenos de la actual comunidad campesina de Sucsu Auccaille, y en entrevistas a los comuneros, directivos y exdirectivos de Sucsu Auccaille, de San Jerónimo. La etnia inca estaba compuesta de varios ayllus o linajes, dos de ellos eran Sucsu y Auccaille. A inicios de la colonia, estos dos son reducidos en San Jerónimo1: Sucsu, la panaca o linaje del inca Huiracocha, y Auccaille, la panaca o linaje del inca Yahuar Huaccac. Dentro de su territorio se encuentran los lugares sagrados Tuynu, Osccollo, Andamachay, Aqhamana, las tierras del sol y el riachuelo Huanacauriue; aún se cuidan, con sigilo y veneración (a la madre tierra y al padre montaña Huanacauri).

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Hydatidosis is a relevant problem all over Argentina, and the influence of cattle on its transmission is unknown. The main objective of the study was to tackle this situation and, in particular, to estimate the prevalence of hydatidosis, evaluate fertility of hydatid cysts (HC) and analyze risk factors and spatial distribution pattern. METHODS The presence of HC in livers and lungs of 432 bovines was evaluated. Hydatid prevalence, positive establishments and confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated. A total of 42 samples of HC content were taken, assessing fertility Variables associated with presence of HC were studied. Prevalence ratio (PR) with 95%CI was calculated. RESULTS The estimated prevalence was 22.2% (95%CI: 18.4-26.5%); 12 of 13 (92.3%) establishments were positive. The location of HC was 50% pulmonary, 4.2% hepatic and 45.8% hepato-pulmonary. No fertile HC were found. The variables that best explained positivity were: province (p<0.000): Chubut 39.7%, Neuquen 5.8%; and animal category (p<0.000): comparing with steers, bulls presented 13.8 times more disease (95%CI: 6-31) and cows, 8.1 times more (95%CI: 4.2-15.7). Two spatial clusters with lower risk of disease appearance were identified in Neuquen province and one of higher risk was detected in eastern Chubut. CONCLUSIONS Cattle would not be an important host in the maintenance of the disease cycle, but an indicator of environmental contamination.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN La hldatldosls es un problema relevante en toda Argentina, y no se conoce la situación del bovino en su transmisión. El objetivo general del estudio fue indagar acerca de esta situación y, en particular, estimar la prevalencia de hidatidosis, evaluar la fertilidad de quistes hidatídicos (QH) y analizar los factores de riesgo y el patrón de distribución espacial. MÉTODOS Se evaluó presencia de QH en hígados y pulmones de 432 bovinos. Se estimó prevalencia hidatídica y de establecimientos positivos y el intervalo de confianza (IC95%). Se tomaron 42 muestras de contenido de QH y se evaluó fertilidad. Se estudiaron variables asociadas a presencia de QH. Se calculó razón de prevalencia (RP) con IC95%. RESULTADOS La prevalencia estimada fue del 22,2% (IC95%: 18,4-26,5%); 12 de 13 (92,3%) establecimientos fueron positivos. La localización de los QH fue 50% pulmonar, 4,2% hepática y 45,8% hepato-pulmonar. No se encontraron QH fértiles. Las variables que mejor explicaron la positividad fueron: provincia (p<0,000): Chubut 39,7%, Neuquén 5,8%; y categoría animal (p<0,000): respecto a los novillos, los toros presentaron 13,8 veces más enfermedad (IC95%: 6-31) y las vacas, 8,1 veces más (IC95%: 4,2-15,7). Se identificaron dos clústeres espaciales de menor riesgo de presentación en Neuquén y uno de mayor riesgo al este de Chubut. CONCLUSIONES El bovino no sería un hospedador importante en la mantención del ciclo de enfermedad, sino un indicador de contaminación ambiental.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the level of exposure to pesticides and its correlation with perceived health indicators and injury biomarkers (genotoxic alterations and those caused by butyrylcholinesterase enzyme activity) in the population of pesticide applicators in extensive crops (PAEC) in Córdoba, Argentina. Methods Transversal study, in PAEC (n = 47) randomly selected from a sample of 2000, and non-exposed subject controls (n = 52). The sociodemographic variables, exposure conditioning, and perceived health were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire; biological indicators of genotoxicity: micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations and kite assay, and butyrylcholinesterase activity. Results 40% of PAEC have over 10 years’ length of service and almost 50% of them reside less than 500 m from the sprinkled fields; they report low rates of personal protective equipment use while mixing, applying, or repairing the equipment. General, cardio-respiratory, and dermatological symptoms were greater among PAEC (p <0.05) as well as indicators of genotoxic injury (p <0.001). The butyrylcholinesterase activity was negatively associated with levels of exposure to pesticides. Conclusions The PAEC show an important negative impact on health linked to exposure to pesticides. The exposure scales associated to the use of biomarkers were a useful tool for monitoring pesticide applicators’ health.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el nivel de exposición a plaguicidas y su correlación con indicadores de salud percibida y biomarcadores de daño (alteraciones genotóxicas y de actividad enzimática de la butirilcolinesterasa), en la población de agroaplicadores de cultivos extensivos (ACE) de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Método Estudio transversal, en ACE (n = 47) seleccionados aleatoriamente de una muestra de 2000, y sujetos no expuestos controles (n = 52). Se relevaron variables sociodemográficas, condicionantes de exposición y de salud percibida, mediante cuestionario autoadministrado; indicadores biológicos de genotoxicidad: micronúcleos, aberraciones cromosómicas y ensayo cometa, y actividad de butirilcolinesterasa. Resultados El 40% de los ACE tiene una antigüedad mayor de 10 años y casi el 50% reside a menos de 500 m de campos asperjados; reportan bajas tasas de uso de equipo de protección personal durante la mezcla, aplicación o reparación de equipos. Los síntomas generales, cardiorrespiratorios y dermatológicos fueron mayores entre los ACE (p <0,05), así como los indicadores de daño genotóxico (p <0,001). La actividad butirilcolinesterasa se asoció negativamente a niveles de exposición a plaguicidas. Conclusiones Los ACE presentan un importante impacto negativo en la salud vinculado a la exposición a plaguicidas. Las escalas de exposición asociadas al uso de biomarcadores resultaron una herramienta útil para la vigilancia de la salud de los agroaplicadores.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the level of exposure to pesticides and its correlation with perceived health indicators and injury biomarkers (genotoxic alterations and those caused by butyrylcholinesterase enzyme activity) in the population of pesticide applicators in extensive crops (PAEC) in Córdoba, Argentina. Methods Transversal study, in PAEC (n = 47) randomly selected from a sample of 2000, and non-exposed subject controls (n = 52). The sociodemographic variables, exposure conditioning, and perceived health were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire; biological indicators of genotoxicity: micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations and kite assay, and butyrylcholinesterase activity. Results 40% of PAEC have over 10 years’ length of service and almost 50% of them reside less than 500 m from the sprinkled fields; they report low rates of personal protective equipment use while mixing, applying, or repairing the equipment. General, cardio-respiratory, and dermatological symptoms were greater among PAEC (p <0.05) as well as indicators of genotoxic injury (p <0.001). The butyrylcholinesterase activity was negatively associated with levels of exposure to pesticides. Conclusions The PAEC show an important negative impact on health linked to exposure to pesticides. The exposure scales associated to the use of biomarkers were a useful tool for monitoring pesticide applicators’ health.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el nivel de exposición a plaguicidas y su correlación con indicadores de salud percibida y biomarcadores de daño (alteraciones genotóxicas y de actividad enzimática de la butirilcolinesterasa), en la población de agroaplicadores de cultivos extensivos (ACE) de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. Método Estudio transversal, en ACE (n = 47) seleccionados aleatoriamente de una muestra de 2000, y sujetos no expuestos controles (n = 52). Se relevaron variables sociodemográficas, condicionantes de exposición y de salud percibida, mediante cuestionario autoadministrado; indicadores biológicos de genotoxicidad: micronúcleos, aberraciones cromosómicas y ensayo cometa, y actividad de butirilcolinesterasa. Resultados El 40% de los ACE tiene una antigüedad mayor de 10 años y casi el 50% reside a menos de 500 m de campos asperjados; reportan bajas tasas de uso de equipo de protección personal durante la mezcla, aplicación o reparación de equipos. Los síntomas generales, cardiorrespiratorios y dermatológicos fueron mayores entre los ACE (p <0,05), así como los indicadores de daño genotóxico (p <0,001). La actividad butirilcolinesterasa se asoció negativamente a niveles de exposición a plaguicidas. Conclusiones Los ACE presentan un importante impacto negativo en la salud vinculado a la exposición a plaguicidas. Las escalas de exposición asociadas al uso de biomarcadores resultaron una herramienta útil para la vigilancia de la salud de los agroaplicadores.

A descriptive and empirical research was carried out to analyze the degree of implementation of Open Access in Cuba, to evaluate the existing conditions and capacities in the country and to propose a strategy for advancing in its implementation. The study was developed in two phases using the methods of the survey and the documentary analysis. It was showed that the country does not have a national infrastructure of Open Access repositories and that most of the few existing repositories do not have policies and procedures that support their reliability, sustainability and transparency. The golden route has experienced greater advances. Most of cuban scholarly journals offer immediate free access without fees for article processing. There is also progress in the adoption of copyright policies and use licenses compatible with Open Access; but the visibility in portals and directories of Open Access journals has evolved little.

Se realizó una investigación empírica descriptiva para analizar el grado de implementación del Acceso Abierto en Cuba, evaluar las condiciones y capacidades existentes en el país y proponer una estrategia para avanzar en su implementación. El estudio se desarrolló en dos fases utilizando los métodos de la encuesta y el análisis documental. Se evidenció que el país no cuenta con una infraestructura nacional de repositorios de Acceso Abierto y que la mayoría de los pocos repositorios existentes no disponen de políticas y procedimientos que respalden su confiabilidad, sostenibilidad y transparencia. La ruta dorada ha experimentado mayores avances. La mayoría de las revistas científicas cubanas ofrecen acceso gratuito inmediato y no cobran tasas por procesamiento de artículos. También existen progresos en la adopción de políticas de copyright y licencias de uso compatibles con el Acceso Abierto; pero la visibilidad en portales y directorios de revistas de Acceso Abierto ha evolucionado poco